| Applicable Standard | Confirm the cable construction and performance standard required by the project specification. | BS 5308 for traditional process-industry instrumentation cable specifications; BS EN 50288-7 for multi-element metallic cables used in analogue and digital communication and control applications. | The applicable standard defines construction, electrical performance, testing, and marking requirements. Always use the latest project-approved edition. |
| Signal Type | Identify whether the cable will carry analogue signals, digital signals, alarm circuits, pulse signals, or low-voltage control signals. | Common process signals include 4–20 mA analogue loops, thermocouple circuits, resistance temperature detector circuits, and digital communication signals. | Signal type affects conductor arrangement, pair or triad configuration, capacitance, screening, and electromagnetic compatibility requirements. |
| Conductor Material and Size | Select stranded or solid copper conductors and a cross-sectional area suitable for loop resistance, mechanical handling, and installation length. | Copper conductors are commonly supplied in sizes such as 0.5 mm², 0.75 mm², 1.0 mm², and 1.5 mm², subject to the applicable construction standard and cable design. | A larger conductor reduces voltage drop and loop resistance, while a smaller conductor can improve flexibility and reduce cable diameter. |
| Pair or Triad Configuration | Choose individual pairs for two-wire circuits or triads for three-wire measurement circuits. | Pair cables are widely used for 4–20 mA loops; triad cables are commonly selected for three-wire RTD circuits. | Individual grouping helps prevent signal mixing and simplifies termination, identification, and fault tracing. |
| Insulation Material | Specify insulation according to operating temperature, chemical exposure, moisture, flexibility, and fire-performance requirements. | PVC, polyethylene, and low-smoke zero-halogen compounds are used in different cable constructions and installation environments. | Insulation affects dielectric strength, capacitance, temperature capability, smoke emission, flame performance, and long-term reliability. |
| Operating Temperature | Check both the minimum and maximum continuous operating temperature of the cable and accessories. | Many PVC-insulated designs are rated around 70°C at the conductor; higher-temperature designs may use materials rated around 90°C or above, depending on construction. | The cable rating must remain within the limits of the insulation, sheath, glands, terminals, and surrounding installation conditions. |
| Screening and Shielding | Select individual-pair screening, collective screening, or both, depending on the interference environment and grounding plan. | Aluminium/polyester tape with a drain wire is commonly used for electrical screening; copper wire braid may be selected where increased mechanical protection or lower transfer impedance is required. | Screening reduces the impact of electromagnetic interference and helps maintain signal integrity in plants with motors, drives, switchgear, and power cables. |
| Capacitance and Signal Integrity | Verify conductor-to-conductor and conductor-to-screen capacitance against the transmitter, barrier, controller, and communication-system limits. | Low-capacitance designs are preferred for long-distance analogue loops, fast pulses, and data communication circuits. | Excessive capacitance can slow signal response, affect intrinsically safe loop parameters, and reduce communication distance or performance. |
| Voltage Rating | Match the rated voltage to the circuit design, separation requirements, and installation regulations. | Instrumentation cables are often specified for low-voltage control and signal applications, with the exact voltage rating determined by the cable construction and applicable standard. | A suitable voltage rating supports safe operation and helps maintain the required separation from higher-voltage circuits. |
| Armour and Mechanical Protection | Choose unarmoured or armoured construction according to the risk of impact, crushing, rodent damage, and installation method. | Unarmoured cables suit protected indoor routes; steel-wire armoured constructions may be selected for exposed, underground, or mechanically demanding routes. | Armour improves mechanical protection and may provide an additional earth continuity path when correctly installed and bonded. |
| Fire and Smoke Performance | Review flame-retardant, low-smoke, halogen-free, and circuit-integrity requirements for the building or process area. | PVC flame-retardant designs may be suitable for general industrial areas; low-smoke zero-halogen designs are often considered for enclosed, populated, or evacuation-critical spaces. | Fire-performance selection can reduce flame spread, smoke generation, and corrosive gas emissions during a fire. |
| Hazardous-Area Suitability | Confirm compatibility with the selected protection method, intrinsic-safety system design, gland arrangement, and installation rules. | For intrinsically safe circuits, cable capacitance, inductance, screen bonding, segregation, and identification must be assessed as part of the complete loop. | Cable characteristics can affect the maximum permitted circuit parameters and the integrity of the hazardous-area protection concept. |
| Installation Environment | Assess indoor or outdoor exposure, UV radiation, water, oil, chemicals, vibration, and temperature cycling. | Outdoor installations may require UV-resistant sheaths and suitable water resistance; chemical or oil exposure may require a compatible sheath compound. | Environmental compatibility prevents premature sheath cracking, swelling, loss of insulation, and moisture ingress. |
| Identification and Documentation | Specify core colours, pair numbers, cable marking, drum length, test certificates, and traceability documents. | Common requirements include sequential pair identification, permanent cable marking, conductor-resistance records, insulation-resistance tests, and routine test documentation. | Clear identification and test records reduce installation errors, accelerate commissioning, and support future maintenance. |
| Installation and Bending | Check the cable outside diameter, minimum bending radius, pulling tension, and available tray or conduit capacity. | The minimum bending radius is cable-design specific; the manufacturer’s installation data should be used rather than applying a generic value. | Following the correct bending and pulling limits prevents conductor damage, screen deformation, sheath failure, and increased signal noise. |